Phototherapy (light therapy) is a treatment method that involves exposing the skin to specific types of light to manage and treat various chronic skin conditions. Phototherapy has been used for decades by dermatologists due to its efficacy and relative safety.
Approximately one-third of Canadians suffer from at least one significant chronic illness, a number that is anticipated to increase as the population ages and risk factors for these diseases escalate. Chronic skin conditions like psoriasis & eczema are prevalent among these illnesses, highlighting the importance of treatment options, like phototherapy. Certain phototherapy treatments, most commonly narrow band UVB, is safe in a wide range of age groups and is generally considered safe in pregnancy.
In this blog, we will discuss how phototherapy in Winnipeg works, explore its different forms, and discuss in detail what conditions it treats.
How Does Phototherapy Work?
The effectiveness of phototherapy depends on its ability to induce various beneficial changes in the skin. UV light can reduce inflammation, slow the growth of skin cells, and modulate the immune system. These effects can help alleviate symptoms of many chronic skin conditions.
Not all UV light is safe. UV can also induce unwanted and dangerous consequences including sun burns, pigmentation, redness and skin cancer. However, by using a specific narrow spectrum of UV light energy, treatment becomes very safe and provides for evidence-based effective options to treat various skin conditions. For example, narrow band UVB light can help slow down cell growth and reduce scaling and inflammation in conditions like psoriasis, where skin cells multiply too quickly.
What Types of Phototherapy Are Available?
The types of phototherapy treatments available for various chronic skin conditions are:
UVB Phototherapy
UVB phototherapy is a treatment modality that utilizes artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) light to manage skin disorders. This type of therapy is especially beneficial for conditions like psoriasis, vitiligo, and eczema. UVB light is instrumental in slowing the rapid proliferation of skin cells commonly seen in psoriasis and encourages skin re-pigmentation in areas affected by vitiligo. The therapy can be administered using two specific types of UVB light:
Narrowband UVB: Operating at 311 nm, narrowband UVB is favoured for its higher efficacy and lower risk of side effects compared to other forms.
Broadband UVB: This ranges from 290 to 320 nm and is an older form of UVB therapy. Although effective, it is generally less preferred due to the higher potential for side effects.
PUVA Therapy
This therapy combines a photosensitizing medication known as psoralen with exposure to Ultraviolet A (UVA) light. Psoralen can be administered topically or orally, followed by exposure to UVA light. This form of therapy is particularly effective for treating severe cases of psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some types of cutaneous lymphomas. PUVA therapy is typically reserved for patients who do not respond adequately to other treatments due to its side effects, including a heightened risk of skin cancer.
Excimer Laser Therapy
This therapy uses a specialized laser emitting monochromatic UVB light at a specific wavelength. Excimer laser therapy is highly effective for treating localized lesions of psoriasis and vitiligo. Its primary advantage lies in precisely targeting diseased areas, sparing the surrounding healthy skin from UV exposure. This targeted approach reduces the likelihood of side effects commonly associated with broader UV treatments. This type of laser, however, is less and less used.
What Skin Conditions Can Be Healed with Light Therapy?
There are various chronic skin conditions that can be treated by phototherapy. Some of them are listed below:
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an enduring inflammatory skin disorder where skin cells accumulate rapidly. This excessive build-up results in thick, red, scaly patches on the skin. Narrowband UVB phototherapy, a specific type of light treatment, has been particularly successful. It not only helps manage the symptoms but also significantly aids in bringing the condition into remission by slowing down the cell growth on the epidermis.
Vitiligo
This condition is marked by blotches of skin colour loss due to a deficiency in melanin production. Phototherapy, especially PUVA (Psoralen combined with UVA radiation) and narrowband UVB, has stimulated melanin production, encouraging coloration in the white patches. However, the degree of re-pigmentation varies among individuals, influenced by factors such as the patches' location and the condition's duration.
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Eczema, or Atopic Dermatitis, often results in chronic inflammation that leads to symptoms such as itchy, red, and swollen skin. Phototherapy in Winnipeg, using narrowband ultraviolet B light, is an effective treatment for individuals experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. This therapy utilizes UV light to suppress the overactive immune responses that contribute to inflammation, helping to alleviate the constant itchiness and discomfort.
Cutaneous Lymphomas
These are indolent lymphomas primarily affecting the skin and can be effectively treated with various phototherapy techniques. PUVA therapy combines the drug psoralen with UVA light exposure. After taking psoralen orally, the skin is exposed to UVA light two hours later, which activates the drug to destroy lymphoma cells. This treatment is typically administered three times a week until the lymphoma clears, then less frequently for maintenance. Alternatively, narrowband UVB phototherapy uses only a narrow spectrum of UVB light to treat thinner lymphoma patches, which is given two to three times a week until the lymphoma resolves. This is followed by less frequent maintenance sessions.
How to Be Ready for Phototherapy Treatment?
Before undergoing phototherapy, you will need to remove any clothing that covers the areas of your skin designated for treatment. Additionally, it's important to shield any skin that won't be treated. Here are some protective measures to consider:
Apply sunscreen to your neck, lips, and the backs of your hands to guard against UV exposure.
Wear special glasses or goggles to safeguard your eyes from UV rays.
Men use protective covering for the genital area.
Apply sunscreen specifically to the nipples and areola for women.
Always communicate with your Winnipeg dermatologist about all medications you're currently using, including over-the-counter drugs. Certain medications may heighten the risk of adverse reactions during treatment.
Will You Need More Than One Phototherapy Treatment?
Phototherapy involves a series of treatment sessions, with the total number needed depending on the particular type of phototherapy prescribed. Typically, patients undergo about 2 to 3 sessions per week. The complete treatment course usually spans 4 to 6 months.
Who Should Not Get Phototherapy?
If you have a history of skin cancer, phototherapy might not be suitable for you. Additionally, UV light therapy may not be advisable if you have specific health issues like a sun allergy, lupus, or genetic conditions like xeroderma pigmentosa (this genetic condition heightens sensitivity to sun damage). This therapy may also be unsuitable if you're on medications that make your skin more light-sensitive.
Conclusion
Due to its ability to slow cell growth and modulate the immune system, phototherapy has become an essential treatment for managing chronic skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo. This treatment is particularly significant as it offers a noninvasive option that can effectively alleviate symptoms and manage disease progression, which is crucial given the growing number of Canadians affected by such conditions. Phototherapy is typically prescribed by Dermatologists.
At Embrace Skin Clinic, we focus on delivering specialized phototherapy treatments for chronic skin disorders. Our clinic is equipped with the latest technology and staffed by experienced dermatologists dedicated to providing personalized care, ensuring that each patient receives the most effective treatment suited to their specific skin needs. Contact Us Today!
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